All Quiet On The Western Front - 1446 Words

All Quiet on the Western Front: The Innocence of Youth In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character is a nineteen year-old, who tells his perspective of the war. Throughout the story, he talks about his recent class-mates and how they enlist in the war with him, and how he and his friends experience the war. In the story, it talks about the innocence that is taken away from the soldiers like Paul and his friends. The story is set in Germany during the First World War. Numerous events took place during this bloody war including the deaths of millions and the youth taken away from the young men that enlisted in the war. In this war, Paul, along with his friends, experience these things during the war: their innocence that was taken†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Kantorek had been our schoolmaster, a stern little man in a grey tail-coat, with a fact like a shrew mouse.† (10) Paul’s old schoolmaster was a depiction of his recent youth and is one of the last re al â€Å"youth-ism† that he will possess throughout the rest of his life. The quote is important to point out because the author (or in this case Paul) wants to address his teacher from his youth, and what’s left of it. Now because of the war, his youth is gone. â€Å"We had no definite plans for our futures. Our thoughts of a career and occupation were as yet too unpractical a character to furnish any scheme of life.† (21) At this point, Paul is so confident that his youth is taken away from him he begins to think about his future in the war. Since Paul and his friends lost their youth during the war, even their futures’ were taken away from them in a way, not knowing how to maintain life after the war or even if they get out of the war. Over all, Paul in the story talked about his youth being taken away from him and how his generation will be stripped from their youth. Every soldier’s youth was taken from them, whether or not they even survived t he war; the soldier’s also experienced the un-awareness of the consent in the war. The young men that enlisted in the war were not blamed for the war, but yet they have no say in the war so they are fighting by orders and not themselves. â€Å"A man with a small pointed

French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa...

French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Africa is home to countless cultures that all have their own unique ideas and customs. During the past couple of centuries, these cultures were threatened to the point where they almost ceased to exist. The Berlin Conference was a very important occurrence in Africa and Europes history. It legitimized what the European powers, mainly France and Britain, had been doing for the past hundred years, without the approval of any African country. During the late nineteenth century, France and Britain began imperialistic ventures into Africa, which eventually led Leopold II to conquer the Congo. It was Leopolds II presence in Africa that to led the Berlin Conference. The Berlin†¦show more content†¦After the 1881 elections, his party no longer controlled the Reichstag (The German House of Representatives). He had to do something to regain some of the lost power since the elections (Sempell 148). Bismarck did not see the need for colonies in Africa, but public opinion forced him to enter upon the global game of imperialism (150). This pleased Germanys constituents, and it eventually led to the obtainment of many valuable resources. The late 19th century imperialistic mentality brought many countries into heated conflicts. The two biggest players, before the Berlin Conference, were France and Britain (Bennett 67). These two rivals had been among the first to take interest in colonies in Africa. The British, by 1880, were mainly located in South Africa (51). They had annexed South Africa way back in 1815, mainly because of the strategic importance it held for trade to British India (69). At first, the British did not observe a great reason for expansion. By 1880, the economical advantages began to present themselves more clearly (Hugon 30). France, like Britain, saw the advantages of having colonies in Africa. Their reasons, unlike Britains, were more of a political nature. The political reasoning of developing colonies abroad began with the Franco-Prussian war. This war resulted in France losing its prestige and the territory of Alsace-Lorraine, and Germany becoming the mover and shaker of Europe (Wessling 10). After this, the idea of revanche wasShow MoreRelatedThe Scramble for Africa Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe scramble for Africa represents the most thorough and systematic process of colonialism in world history. The European colonial powers managed to conquer and control almost the entire continent of Africa in a short, twenty-five year period from about 1875 to 1900. Some of the European states involved were already well-established global powers; the others were up and coming nations that desired to emulate and compete with the dominant imperial states. Various factors allowed for and contributedRead M oreEuropean Colonization and African American Development943 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean Colonization and African American Development During the period of 1885-1905, as Africa was divided into 55 small states, an era of economic tug-of-war between the British and the French known as â€Å"The Scramble for Africa† became the target of prosperity. While campaigned to end slavery and all affiliations with the slave trade, this method of colonial rule not only effectively controlled various territories, but also altered the lives of indigenous African people. Through tactics of indirectRead MoreConsequences Of Colonization Of Africa1599 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the19th century to the start of the 20th century, Africa was at the mercy of Europe imperialism. Politics and economics led powerful European nations to colonize the continent of Africa. What was later coined as â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†, led powerful nations to aggressively take over the continent and exploit its materials, people, and land. The European powers that took control of most of Africa included Britain, France, Germany, Belgi um, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The continent was dividedRead MoreColonialism And Imperialism In Europe1440 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial superiority imposed its economic model, its values, ideals and its culture to a large part of the world. Imperialism can be defined as the system in which the politics, economy and culture of one part of the world are organized according to the domination of some countries over others. The imperialism that emerged in the nineteenth century was the culmination of colonialism initiated in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But both forms of colonial domination were very different. TheRead MoreColonialism2524 Words   |  11 PagesDefine Colonialism (Western) Colonialism: A political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. The purposes of colonialism included economic exploitation of the colonys natural resources, creation of new markets for the colonizer, and extension of the colonizers way of life beyond its national borders. In the years 1500 – 1900 Europe colonized all of North and South America and Australia, most of Africa, andRead MoreMotives That Contributed to Imperialism732 Words   |  3 PagesMOTIVES THAT CONTRIBUTED TO IMPERIALISM Imperialism is defined in the dictionary as being a The policy of extending a nations authority by territorial acquisition or by establishing economic and political hegemony over other nations (p 681 American Heritage college Dictionary). 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At the time when developed nations were colonizing less developed nations around the 1870s, the age of Imperialism began. Referring to the time were nations such as the United States, Germany, and Japan began to employ imperialist doctrines to their governanceRead More Impact of European Colonialism and Imperialism on African Women1576 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean Imperialism on African Women      Ã‚  Ã‚   What effect did the European imperialism in Africa have on the women of both continents? And was this effect advantageous or injurious to the women themselves? Judging by the extremely limited amount of information available on the subject, one could conclude probably a very minimal one. However, upon further investigation, one can see that this effect, although ignored by historians, was very profound and real to the women who lived in Africa in the

Management A Systems Approach To Planning -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management A Systems Approach To Planning? Answer: Introduction Cost estimation involves the process of making an estimation regarding the cost of labor, material, infrastructure and the tools that should be incorporated to complete the project undertaken (Mislick Nussbaum, 2015). It is definitely one of the major responsibilities that project management must control with expertise. It can be considered as a driving force or better to say the impending factor that decides the future performance of the project (Pinto , 2015). Therefore, it is not difficult to realize the importance of the implementing proper cost estimation technique for managing a project with success. Difference Between Estimation And Target Or Goal : The words estimate is rather confusing and it is easily mistaken with target or goal. Estimation requires realistic assessment which involves facts related to the work previously conducted, as well as necessary resources , constrains and the environment closely associated with the project of interest. Whether Target or Goal can be attributed to the desired outcome or something that is committed or promised beforehand (Chih Zwikel , 2015 ). The author mentions that after the work is completed or result is obtained the estimation can be compared to the set goal or target to find necessary changes related to the origins of cost like work resources, workforce so that the modification can be done effectively. It is important to perform the estimation independently without any reference to the target and goal for better results. Once the outcome is revealed, it can then be altered by making necessary changes in the resources to meet the expectation of the set target as perfect as possible, but not before that. Preparing work responsibilities and necessary cost estimation: At the beginning of cost estimation procedure, the project is divided into smaller modules in terms of design, engineering, development and fabrication. Various team members under different work department related to the project meet with the team lead to decide corresponding team task and an estimated cost to execute the operations (Kerzner Kerzner ,2017). The work can be either completely developmental in nature or something that follows the existing or off- the-shelf (OTS) designs. The work based on the developmental model is usually difficult to execute as compared to the work based on OST , as the former requires expertise in terms of designing, testing and fabrication and as a result the cost estimation is often full of uncertainty which makes the it much more difficult to execute. Estimated cost is categorized into recurring and non recurring cost. Estimation cost can occur more than once during the project as it is associated with tasks which happens periodically, for example work related to testing and quality assurance. Non recurring cost is something that needs one time investment and happens only once in the project execution. To ensure better results there should be effective communication between the technical and financial team in order to better understand the estimation procedure and implement it successfully. Cost estimation techniques: To determine cost estimation four basic techniques are followed: opinion by expert, estimation with analogy, parametric estimation, and cost engineering (Tofallis , 2015). Opinion by expert: An expert opinion is referred to the estimation given by an expert who has an expertise in the particular field related to the project. However, expert opinion has some drawbacks as well. it is only useful when the project is in the conceptual phase. Apart from that expert opinion is also used when the topic of the project is not well defined or something that is unique and no similar project is conducted before from where ideas and comparison can be drawn to make decision. Estimation with analogy: An analogical estimation is prepared by making a thorough review of the cost management previously adopted in some projects similar in nature. This method can be adopted at any stage of the project execution (Idri , azzahra Abran , 2015). It is possible to assess general venture cost from the cost of a similar project; work bundle cost can be evaluated from similar bundle cost, practically equivalent to work packages; and errand cost can be evaluated from assignments that share similar structure. When a similar project is compared to evaluate cost estimation there can be difference between them in terms of time, scale ,location and complexity of the project. To make a successful estimation it is important to analyze those factors properly. As an example, if a project was performed 2 years before and a similar project needs to be executed one year from the present date, cost from the previous project needs to be adjusted for the inflation and price changes that may have occurred within the span three years. Parametric estimation: Parametric estimation is prepared with the help of empirical or mathematical model. Parametric estimation can be made with or without the help of an analogical project. The analogical project is usually taken into consideration when there is a need of cost scaling. However when the cost depends on the system or project parameters like volume , speed, capacity and performance, independent estimation is always preferred (Yang Li , 2015). Cost engineering: Cost engineering is another important aspect that decides the quality of cost estimation management. Cost engineering involves the analysis of cost , applied to individual cost categories related to the project works (Etienne et al. , 2017). The analysis is carried out in detailed manner to make the estimation more accurate and effective. The analysis follows bottomup approach by dividing the project into smaller activities or work modules which is further narrowed down into different cost categories . Even though the technique provides very accurate prediction, it is very time consuming which can be thought as a drawback of the process. Conclusion The cost estimation techniques gives a quantitative analysis of the cost related to the resources that is needed to complete the projects. It gives an initial overview of the cost requirement that is important to prepare an rough outline to give the cost management an structured direction. The effective cost estimation can give any project management the desired success it needs, still it is hard to execute as the process is full of uncertainty and needs expert insights. Like any structure cannot exist for long without strong foundation, project management also needs strong baseline in order to be successful. Cost estimation plays an prime role in creating that baseline which eventually leads to success of any project in any sector References: Chih, Y. Y., Zwikael, O. (2015). Project benefit management: A conceptual framework of target benefit formulation.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 352-362. Etienne, A., Mirdamadi, S., Mohammadi, M., Malmiry, R. B., Antoine, J. F., Siadat, A., ... Martin, P. (2017). Cost engineering for variation management during the product and process development.International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM),11(2), 289-300. Idri, A., azzahra Amazal, F., Abran, A. (2015). Analogy-based software development effort estimation: A systematic mapping and review.Information and Software Technology,58, 206-230. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mislick, G. K., Nussbaum, D. A. (2015).Cost estimation: methods and tools. John Wiley Sons. Pinto, J. K. (2015).Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Prentice Hall. Tofallis, C. (2015). A better measure of relative prediction accuracy for model selection and model estimation.Journal of the Operational Research Society,66(8), 1352-1362. Yang, J., Li, H. (2015). Dense, accurate optical flow estimation with piecewise parametric model. InProceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(pp. 1019-1027).

Love and Death in Catcher In the Rye Essays - Literary Realism

Love and Death in Catcher In the Rye JJ Toms English 2 Mrs. Mack April 8, 2014 Love and Death in Catcher in the Rye In this article written by Peter Shaw, Holden Caulfield a fictional character in the world famous novel The Catcher in the Rye gets deeply analyzed. Holden is seen by many as a mentally disturbed adolescent but the source of this disturbance puzzles numerous people who attempt to analyze his mental state. Some believe that society has caused him to become mad and others believe that the source of his insanity stems from a commonly known illness, schizophrenia. Shaw on the other hand has a completely different view on why Holden is the way he is. In Peter Shaws eyes, he sees the guilt that Holden carries from the death of his older brother Allie who died at the age of 10. He also observes that Holden suppresses his ability to fully mature and he also is a slave to the curse of adolescence that we all have experienced at one time or another. Holden Caulfield does not allow himself to move on from his brothers death and continuously carries an unneeded burden of the fault of his siblings passing. Shaw explains that Holdens constant self talking lets him convince himself that he is in fact crazy and the cause of the destruction in his family. Along with blaming himself, he also blames his little sister and says that she also killed Allie even though the child was merely a baby at the time. This form of killed though was not literal but in a figurative meaning of her amusing Allie. Peter Shaw concludes that his inability to not bury Allie and other things from his past has paralyzed him from the maturing process that any normal child would be experiencing. His mourning is continuous and does not allow him to recognize reality from fantasy thus permitting himself to coax the auto diagnosis of craziness. Peter Shaw elucidates the fact that Holden has a habit of prohibiting the idea of both love and death. When he first goes to the Museum of Natural History he is engrossed in the dioramas of American Indian life. The diorama portrays a couple as he assumes doing their daily works of fishing and weaving and seems to be in complete harmony. None of the exhibits especially this one will ever age of change and the serenity of the image are eternal which gives him a sense of relief. The comparison of this Utopian couple and the exact opposite, Holdens own parents, offsets him and causes him to envision the nonstop fighting that occurs in his home. The Indian couple will never change and never have to move from the spot that they stand in at that moment. Peter Shaw relates this to Holdens idea of maturity and how the burden of becoming an adult can disrupt the serenity of the love that is in front of him which causes him to put a permanent moratorium on love. Holden has a fantasy of being the catcher in the rye. This fantasy is the protector of children who are running throughout the rye fields and are destined to fall off the cliff. Shaw examines this as him catching the children from falling off the cliff which can be perceived as them falling into adulthood and out of their childhood. He wants to catch them from falling into mourning and from what shortly follows that, falling into love. Holden truly believes that adulthood is the key to eternal damnation and unhappiness and the only way to sustain the happiness at hand is to maintain the childhood. When he visits the second museum he finds himself in an exhibit that holds many mummies. Holden experiences a short of ease and a comfort in this room because just like the other, everything will always stay the same. Peter Shaw then concludes that this comfort can also be accompanied by the desire for Allie to be preserved in the room with him, never changing and entitled to an everlasting adolescence. Peter Shaw examines Holdens character as both very observant of the society around him but at the same time has a fallacious judgment from the